Linking words (also called cohesive devices) are part of Coherence and Cohesion, one of the four criteria for Writing Task 2. But more linking words do not mean a higher band. At band 7 the public band descriptors say you use a range of cohesive devices appropriately, although there may be some under- or over-use. Examiners notice when every sentence starts with "Moreover".
Linking words by job
| Job | Words and phrases | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Adding a point | In addition, Furthermore, Also, Another reason is that… | Another reason is that public transport reduces traffic. |
| Contrast | However, Although, While, On the other hand, Nevertheless | Although fees raise money, they discourage poorer students. |
| Cause and result | because, since, As a result, Therefore, This means that… | Fees are rising. As a result, fewer students apply. |
| Example | For example, For instance, such as | Countries such as Germany offer free tuition. |
| Giving your view | In my view, I believe that, I would argue that | In my view, the benefits outweigh the costs. |
| Concluding | In conclusion, Overall, To sum up | In conclusion, both approaches have merit, but… |
The band 7 secret: referencing
Strong writers connect ideas without a linking word at the start of every sentence. They use reference words that point back to an earlier idea:
Weaker: Many young people move to cities. Moreover, young people moving to cities causes housing shortages.
Stronger: Many young people move to cities, and this trend has caused housing shortages.
Useful reference words: this, these, that, such, it, they, the former, the latter, this problem, this approach, such policies.
Common mistakes
- "On the other hand" without "on the one hand" logic. Use it only to introduce a contrasting view, not just another point.
- Wrong meaning. "Moreover" adds a point; it can't introduce a contrast. "Therefore" needs a real cause before it.
- "Although…but". Use one or the other: "Although it is expensive, it is worth it" (not "Although…, but…").
- Memorised phrases such as "In this day and age" or "Every coin has two sides". They add words but not marks.
- Linking words in every sentence. Two or three per paragraph is usually enough.
Check your cohesion
Paste a Task 2 essay into the free BandIQ Band Check to see your estimated Coherence and Cohesion band and the sentences to improve. See linking in action in our band 7 sample essay, and read what each band needs in the Task 2 band descriptors guide.
Frequently asked questions
How many linking words should I use in IELTS Writing Task 2?
There is no set number. Two or three per paragraph is usually enough. Overusing them can lower your Coherence and Cohesion score.
Is 'Moreover' a good linking word for IELTS?
It's correct for adding a point, but using it in every paragraph looks mechanical. Mix it with referencing words such as 'this' and 'these'.
What are cohesive devices in IELTS?
Words and phrases that connect your ideas: linking words like 'however' and 'as a result', and reference words like 'this', 'these' and 'such'.
Which criterion do linking words affect?
Coherence and Cohesion, which is 25% of your Task 2 band.